Fifty Years On

Fifty years of tachycardia.

In 1943 an otherwise healthy girl aged 3 developed measles encephalitis with an accompanying mild left hemiparesis. At this time a persistent tachycardia of 140 beats per minute was noted, and she was referred to Sir John Parkinson at the National Heart Hospital. He made a diagnosis of atrial tachycardia. A trial of digoxin and quinidine proved ineffective, but she remained symptomatically well...

Human rights fifty years on A reappraisal

Fifty years with Aesculapius.

stuffy and irritating smell that greeted a small group of 56 students who met in the anatomy lab classroom to start their medical training — the future class of ’61. Some were nervous about this new venture, some guarded, and others were eager with anticipation. A couple of us who appeared with full beards from a summer’s work in the north of Canada were told to be clean shaven before returning...

Fifty Years of Synchrotrons

The idea of a pulsed magnet ring, fundamental to the synchrotron, appeared in a proposal by Oliphant [1] in 1943 and was followed by the independent discovery of phase stability by Veksler [2] in 1944 and McMillan [3] in 1945. This opened the door to a demonstration of synchrotron acceleration to 8 MeV by Goward and Barnes [4] in a converted betatron at Woolwich Arsenal, UK. The event, which to...

Fifty Years of Development

Perspectives on development have changed radically over the past half-century, and indeed over the past decade. New evidence and theoretical approaches have deepened and shifted the debates. We have a much better understanding of the relationships among markets, governance, and institutions. Our techniques of empirical analysis and the availability of data have advanced dramatically; indeed one...